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The relationship between etiologic factors and stress in temporomandibular disorder patients by heart rate variability test

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ÁöÀ¯Áø, ¼ÛÇöö, ±èÀÀ±Ç,
¼Ò¼Ó »ó¼¼Á¤º¸
ÁöÀ¯Áø ( Jee Yu-Jin ) - °¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ¼ººó¼¾Æ®º´¿ø Ä¡°ú ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°ú
¼ÛÇöö ( Song Hyun-Chul ) - °¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ¼ººó¼¾Æ®º´¿ø Ä¡°ú ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°ú
±èÀÀ±Ç ( Kim Eung-Kwon ) - ¼ö¿ø°úÇдëÇÐ Ä¡À§»ýÇаú

Abstract

ÃøµÎÇϾÇÀå¾Ö(Temporomandibular disorder, TMD)´Â ¾Ç°üÀý ¹× ÀúÀÛ±Ù°è¿¡ ¸¸¼º ÅëÁõ, °³±¸Àå¾Ö, ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö, °üÀýÀ½ µîÀ» ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â ÁúȯÀ¸·Î¼­ À¯º´·üÀÌ ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î 21%ÀÌ°í1 ÀÌÁß 75~85%°¡ ¿©¼ºÀ¸·Î ÁÖ·Î 10´ë ÈĹݿ¡¼­ 30´ë¿¡ È£¹ßÇϴ Ư¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò°ßÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù2.
1934³â Costen3¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã³À½À¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾îÁø ÀÌÈÄ Costen¡¯syndromeÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³°í ±¸Ä¡ÀÇ »ó½Ç, ºÎÁ¤±³ÇÕ°ú °°Àº Ä¡¾Æ¿äÀÎÀÌ ÁÖ ¿øÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Á³À¸³ª ÀÌÈÄ Ä¡ÀÇÇа迡¼­ ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°ú, º¸Ã¶°ú, ±³Á¤°ú, ±¸°­³»°úµî °¢ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ÀÓ»ó°¡ ¹× ¿¬±¸°¡°¡ »óÈ£°£ÀÇ È°¹ßÇÑ Á¤º¸±³È¯À» ÅëÇØ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀç±îÁö ¿Ü»ó, ÇغÎÇÐÀû ¿äÀÎ, º´Å»ý¸®ÇÐÀû ¿äÀÎ, »çȸÁ¤½ÅÀû ¿äÀΰú °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿øÀοä¼ÒµéÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ°í ÀÖ°í À̺ñÀÎÈÄ°ú Áúȯ ¹× Á¤½Å Áúȯ°úÀÇ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü°è°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁö¸é¼­ Ä¡ÀÇÇаè¿Í ÀÇÇа谡 °øµ¿À¸·Î °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±× °á°ú °ú°ÅÀÇ Ä¡¾Æ¿äÀÎ, Áï ºÎÁ¤±³ÇÕ, ÇغÎÇÐÀû À§Ä¡ÀÌ»ó, ±¸°­ ¾Ç½À°ü µîÀÌ ÁÖ À¯¹ß¿äÀÎÀ̶ó´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ Á¡Â÷ »çȸÁ¤½ÅÇÐÀû ¿øÀοä¼Ò°¡ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °¨Á¤Àû ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î °ÆÁ¤(anxiety), ¿ì¿ïÁõ(depression) µîÀÌ ÁÖ ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î ´ëµÎµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ³²³à°£ÀÇ ºñÀ²¿¡¼­ ¿©¼ºÀÌ 8:2Á¤µµ·Î ³ô°í ÁÖ·Î 10ÈĹݿ¡¼­ 40´ë¿¡ È£¹ßÇÏ´Â µîÀÌ ÁúȯÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò°ß°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¸Å¿ì Ÿ´ç¼º ÀÖ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¡¼­ ȯÀÚ °³ÀÎ Àμº°ú ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ »çȸ½É¸®ÇÐÀû Ãø¸é¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡°¡ Áø´Ü½Ã¿¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ À§Çؼ­ MMPI, SCL-90-R, BDI, PDI, SRRS ¿Í °°Àº ¼³¹®Áö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Àμº°Ë»ç°¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú°í ¸Å¿ì À¯ÀǼº ÀÖ´Â °á°ú¸¦ º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù4-6.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼³¹®Áö Àμº°Ë»ç´Â ¼ö°Ë½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ°Å³ª °Ë»ç°á°úÀÇ Çؼ® ¹× ºÐ¼®¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ Àü¹®¼ºÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸç ȯÀÚÀÇ ÁÖ°üÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Å©°Ô ¹Ý¿µµÇ¾î ÀÓ»ó ôµµÀÇ ½Å·Ú¼º°ú Ÿ´ç¼ºÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ´ÜÁ¡À» º¸¿ÏÇÏ°íÀÚ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¸¸¼º µ¿Åë ÁõÈıº ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º ÃøÁ¤À» À§ÇØ ³»ºÐºñ°è º¯È­¿Í ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è ±â´Éº¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù7-9.
Jones µîÀº È£¸£¸óÀÇ º¯È­, Áï Stress hormone axis¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î cortisolÀÇ ºÐºñ·® ÃøÁ¤À¸·Î TMD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º Á¤µµ¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ¿´´Ù10.
±×·¯³ª ³»ºÐºñ°èÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ħ½ÀÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í °Ë»ç°á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â¿¡µµ »ó´çÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¸ç ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô °ÅºÎ°¨À» ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °°Àº Á¤½ÅÀû ¿äÀÎÀÎ ½É¹Ú°£°Ý(Heart rate variability, HRV)¿¡ º¯È­¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ Âø¾ÈÇÏ¿© ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°èÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ½É¹Úµ¿ÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ º¯È­¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎüÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» °¡½ÃÈ­ÇÏ¿© Á¤½Å »ý¸®ÇÐÀû ¾ÈÁ¤ Á¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù11-13.
¶ÇÇÑ Fibromyalgia µî°ú °°Àº ½ºÆ®·¹½º °ü·Ã Áúȯ, ischemic heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction°ú °°Àº ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è Áúȯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ HRV¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© mental stress, depression µî°ú °°Àº ½É¸®Àû ¿äÀÎ(psychologic factor)À» Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© À¯ÀǼº ÀÖ´Â °á°ú¸¦ º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù14-16. ±× °á°ú À°Ã¼Àû Á¤½ÅÀû ½ºÆ®·¹½º Á¤µµ, ÇÇ·Î Á¤µµ, ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÅüÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÁ¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴµ¥ HRV´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °Ë»ç¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³°í ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â Æò°¡¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇöÀç Ä¡ÀÇÇа迡¼­ TMD À¯¹ß ¿øÀοä¼Ò¿¡¼­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °°Àº »çȸÁ¤½ÅÇÐÀû ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºñÀ²Àº »ó´çÈ÷ ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ°í Àνĵǰí Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °´°üÀûÀÌ°í ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â °Ë»ç¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº TMD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º Á¤µµ¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ ±â´É°Ë»çÀÎ HRV¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦ TMD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ´Â °´°üÀû ½ºÆ®·¹½º Áö¼ö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½ºÆ®·¹½º ¹× »çȸÁ¤½ÅÇÐÀû ¿øÀοä¼ÒÀÇ ±â¿©Á¤µµ¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â Ä¡ÀÇÇÐ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ HRV¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Ã¹¹ø° ¿¬±¸·Î ¾Ç°üÀýÇÐÀÇ º´Àηп¡ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á·Î »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Aims : This study assessed of the psychosocial mental factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. The method used in this study was assessment of the autonomic nervous system using the Heart rate variability (HRV), which measures its function objectively and reliably. This study proposes a new diagnostic method for psychosocial factors in TMD patients.


Methods : Forty patients with TMD were selected as the experimental group, and 40 age-matching healthy individuals without TMD symptoms were selected as the control group. Using the 5-minute electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings, the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was assessed by analyzing the HRV in the experimental and control group. In TMD group, patients with a dysfunction or imbalance of the ANS were considered to have psychosocial factors.


Results : HRV analysis detected an imbalance of the ANS in 34 patients in the TMD group and 23 subjects in the control group. In addition, the TMD group showed a dysfunction of the ANS and parasympathetic hyperactivity, which indicated that the TMD patients were prone to depression and were under more physical stress. In the TMD group, together with such psychosocial factors, trauma, anatomic factors have been detected as etiologic factors. In particularly, psychosocial factors have been detected in 85% (34 patients) and detected as a single factor in 25 % (10 patients).


Conclusion: Psychosocial factors play an important role in TMD. A means to improve the efficacy of TMD treatment is to evaluate the psychosocial condition and to apply the appropriate treatment. By applying HRV analysis, the psychosocial condition of the TMD patients could be evaluated. This method is more useful than previous methods (questionnaire) to evaluate the personality and emotional state of individuals.

Å°¿öµå

Temporomandibular disorder;Psychosocial factors;stress;Autonomic nerve function;Heart rate variability;depression

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